Over many years, the family members of the 20th US president spoke proudly about his impressive career but rarely mentioned his untimely death. We were aware what had happened, that he was shot in a train station,” reflects one of his modern descendants. “We learned about the story in historical accounts but, somehow, we just passed over it quickly.”
This changed in 2011 with the issuing of Destiny of the Republic, which revived interest in Garfield's truncated career. This work has now led to a streaming series titled the presidential series, including an acclaimed actor as the national leader and his co-star as the drifter who gunned him down.
The series aims to illuminate Garfield, who emerged from difficult circumstances to the presidency during the economic era only to become a casualty to its toxic political divisions. His time in office was ended prematurely after only half a year not only by the assassin's bullet but by physician mistakes – an incident now frequently ignored while the assassinations of the Civil War president and John F Kennedy continue to intrigue the public.
“You can't help but be proud what he did. He was a true polymath: he was a legal professional, he was a minister, he was a land worker. He was so many things which also influenced his personality and his approach and the complete story about him the descendants preserve with us.”
Garfield was the most recent commander-in-chief raised in rustic conditions in Ohio in 1831. His father died when he was 18 months old, leaving his mother, Eliza, to care for multiple kids in hard times. An insatiable reader, Garfield found employment on vessels to generate income for an formal learning.
He studied law, was became a preacher, became head of a school in Ohio and was a political representative. In 1858 he married a former classmate, his future wife, with whom he would have a large family. An passionate nationalist, Garfield viewed the national conflict as a righteous fight against slavery and advanced to the rank of major general.
“During my investigation, I couldn't believe it. He was remarkably smart. He was fearless. He was innovative for the period. He was kind. He was a decent human being and would have been an outstanding leader had he lived.”
Garfield was encouraged by the wartime leader to resign his military commission when he was chosen to the Congress, where he would work as a party member for nearly two decades. He was strong supporter of black suffrage, viewing it as a question of fairness and the completion of a military promise.
“The speech he gave on the floor of Congress will move you deeply. He was an remarkable speaker and this issue was extremely significant to him.”
At the party gathering in Chicago the political organization was deeply divided between the “Stalwarts”, led by an influential figure, who supported a continued leadership for Ulysses S Grant, and the “opposing faction”, who supported political contender. Garfield attended as a advocate of his friend and fellow Ohioan John Sherman.
When the huge assembly was stalled between Grant and Blaine, delegates began seeking a compromise. Garfield's emotional address nominating Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly shouted, “And now, delegates, what do we want?” to which a audience member unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the extended selection process, a stampede of delegates made Garfield the surprise nominee. To appease the Stalwart faction, the vice presidential pick, a Conkling loyalist from New York, was chosen as his running mate. In the general election Garfield beat the Democratic nominee to become the only sitting member of the House ever to be elected president.
“His possible achievements and what is remarkably uncommon and maybe particular about the American presidency is he didn't want the job. It's not that he had completely dismissed it but he was thrust into it.”
The defining conflict of Garfield's short presidency was his confrontation with Conkling over the “patronage network”. Conkling required power over government appointments in New York, particularly the prestigious role of Collector of the Port of New York. Garfield rejected, stating the issue was “if the commander-in-chief should be registering clerk of the senate or the executive of the United States”. He proposed a rival of Conkling to the post.
The dispute became a visible struggle but Garfield outmaneuvered Conkling in the Senate. Confronting a humiliating public defeat, Conkling and his associate left their positions in protest. The next day, Garfield's selection was ratified. It was a landmark victory for the presidential control over the faction system and for the cause of reform over “political control”.
But even as Garfield battled the titans of his party, he was being stalked by a mentally unstable individual who represented the problematic element of the political appointment process. The assassin was a drifter with a history of occupational setbacks, psychological problems and physical and psychological abuse. He had been unsuccessful as a attorney, bill collector, religious figure and member of a unconventional group.
“He was mentally ill and his unique form of delusion was delusion. He always believed that God had chosen him for significance. He actually had financially a better start than Garfield but where Garfield achieved and rose, Guiteau was unsuccessful in all endeavors.”
But Guiteau believed he had at last discovered a pathway to success: politics. Carried away in the excitement of the 1880 election, he prepared and gave an insignificant speech, and became certain in his thoughts that he was solely accountable for Garfield's victory.
Under this logic, Guiteau determined he had earned a important role. He went to the capital and continuously bothered Garfield, Blaine and other leaders, insisting to be made the US consul in Paris — a role for which he had inadequate skills. He became such a annoyance that he was eventually banned from the White House.
On that fateful day, just several weeks into his presidency, Garfield was leaving Washington for his educational gathering. As he walked through the train depot, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, produced an ivory-handled British Bull Dog revolver from his jacket and fired multiple rounds in the back.
Garfield shouted: “My God, what is this?” and dropped on the station floor. When a {police officer|law
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